culture and post modernism

This blog is about my response on online discussion on Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy's Academy Award for her documentary, "A girl in the River"

Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy's academy Award for her documentry, A girl in the River, has been much celebrated at home. Deservedly so.

Like her first Oscar-winning documentary, saving face, which spotlit the horror of acid attack, this too is a visceral, urgent piece of film-making. But alongside the jubilation is another view, persistent and petty, that is inevitably voiced at such occasions. Widely shared by politicians, journalists, religious leader, in short 'patriots' of all stripes, this opinion has it that sharmeen  has done a grave disservice to her country by highlighting the misery of ordinary Pakistanis to further her own career. Hence, the twitter trend: DisownSharmeen. 

Why, he asked, 'had Adiga chosen not to write about the so many nice, nice things that are happening in India? The same critique was also trotted out when Danny Boyle's film, Slumdog Millionaire, won big at the Oscar. or when Malala won the Nobel prize. Or Sharmeen her first Oscar. Really, why can't  all these people just Photoshop our reality? why can't the hide our flaws and emphasize our virtues so we can win respect and admiration of Western societies? many 'concerned citizens' in Pakistan ask why Sharmeen did not make a film about that tireless humanitarian, Edhi, or better still, about the victims of drone strikes, cataloging American injustice, rather than our own.

Truth wins: The buzz around Sharmeen's film has prompted Nawaz Sharif to say that the practice of honor killings in Pakistan should come to an end.

• Cultural Study:-                  The prime duty of any literary writer is to present the contemporary issues and picture of nation. Everyone has the right to voice and freedom of expression. So they are free to portrayed the condition of their country. But many follower of ideology and political discourse try to banned this kind of harsh reality, because they do not bear the bad images of their culture and country.

• We have recently example of Film Padmavat in which the group of people banned film because the do not like that people see about their culture. Another one is the documentry film "Nirbhaya gang rape" which was banned by government because they believe that our new generation become spoiled because of the movie. 

• Post-colonialism:

                                      general belief of the people is that writer must write about the glory and positive side of their country, and we Asian believe that western people give awards on our bed images and they happy because western people feel happy when they see our poor condition. But this is not right, we have many examples from the western works:

• Oliver Twist
• Sense and sensibility
• The west land etc

These all works portrayed the reality of the society. In 'Oliver Twist', Dickens portrayed the poor law of Victorian Britain that how the cruel law for the poor and orphan children. After the publication of the novel 'Oliver Twist' British government pass the reformation bill and law about child laboring. So, we can say that is is not about western people that they feel happy on our poor condition.






if we want to reform our poor condition, this kind of work is very important to open the eyes of power. I agree with this kind of way to show our reality. because such a work awake people as well as the power to stop this kind superstition and cruel ideology.

Structuralism and Literary Criticism

Here given task by Dilip Barad sir , So the link is given below:

https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2015/03/structuralism-and-literary-criticism.html

• Think and Write: Being a structuralist critic, how would you analyse literary text or TV serial or Film? You can select any image or TV serial or film or literary text or advertisement. Apply structuralist method and post your write up on your blog.

Structuralism is the offshoot of certain developments in linguistics and anthropology. Saussure's mode of the synchronic study of language was attempt to formulate the grammar of a language from a study of Parole. He talked about used same structure but different way in film, novel and play. For Ex., Love story, revenge story, family....etc.

Gerard Genette talked about 'Intellectual bricolage', language as a system of relationship and Traditional criticism. He said that ' If the writer questions the universe, the critic questions literature, that is so say , the universe of signs...'.

1) Language                                          2) Langue                                   3) Parole

Sign----Signifier-----Signified

Roland Barthes and Claude Levi Strauss from whom he adapted the concept of bricolage. They are primarily used to look at the syntax of narrative, rather than to perform an interpretation of them.

A) Order

B) Frequency

C) Duration

D) Voice

E) Mood

Roland Barthes also talked about 'S/Z' and five code like as;

A) The proairetic code

B) The hermeneutic code

C) The cutural code

D) The semic code

E) The Symbolic code

                                            It is the offshoot of certain developments in linguistics and anthropology. Saussure’s mode of the synchronic study of language was an attempt to formulate the grammar of a language from a study of parole. Using the Saussurian linguistic model, Claude Levi-Strauss examined the customs and conventions of some cultures with a view of arriving at the grammar of those cultures. In literary theory, structuralism is an approach to analysing the narrative material by examining the underlying invariant structure.

                                                 Genette empathetically defines Structuralism as a method is based on the study of structures wherever they occur. Genette believes that structural criticism is untainted by any of the transcendent reductions of psychoanalysis or Marxist explanation.
There are two types of methodology used by critics for study of language.

1] Diachronic
2] Synchronic

                                      Diachrony and Synchrony are two different and complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, usually the present. By contrast, a diachronic approach considers the development and evolution of a language through history. Historical linguistics is typically a diachronic study.

                                              After getting basic idea of structuralism and Genette's concept of Narratology, I'm going to describe movie "Rustom" by spects of Structuralism.

1] Order : 

                             {Say a story is as follows: a murder occurs (event A); then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a detective (event B), finally the murderer is caught (event C).
Arranged chronologically the events run A1, B2, C3. Arranged in the text they may run B1 (discovery), A2 (flashback), C3 (resolution).

                                             This accounts for the 'obvious' effects the reader will recognise, such as flashback. It also deals with the structure of narratives on a more systematic basis, accounting for flash-forward, simultaneity, as well as possible, if rarely used effects. These disarrangements on the level of order are termed 'anachrony'.}
In movie Rustom if we supposed that A = Real truth behind murder , B= Court room drama, C= Villain identification , D= Circumstances of murder revealed , E=Murder,F= Love affair ; then chronologically events run in below order.

F⇒ E⇒ B ⇒C⇒ D⇒ A

2] Frequency :

                      The separation between event and narration allows many possibility all four are :
1- Singular :

                          An event can occur once and narrated once ,
In Rustom - Court has given their judgement once and in movie it was mentioned only one time.

2- Iterative:  

                         An event can occur n times and be narrated once,
In movie Rustom- Cynthia and Vikram wrote many latter to each-other but narrated only once.

3- Repetitive: 

                               An event can occur one time and be narrated n times,
In movie - Murder of Vikram occurred only once but narrated many times during court room drama.

4- Multiple:

                                 An event can occur n times and be narrated n times,
In Rustom- The case was run during many days and also narrated the same.

3] Duration :
                                        {The separation between an event and its narration means that there is discourse time and narrative time.}


                                         In movie Rustom - When Rustom [protagonist] went to his job ,he passed more then a year on Ship,it was very lengthy period of time but event was narrated in a short narrative time of only 5 minutes. Same thing happens during case , it runs days and days but when it was narrated in movie scene of court room take few hours only.

4] Voice:

{Voice is concerned with who narrates, and from where. This can be split four ways.}
In movie Rustom how narration changed and from which perspective let's see-

⇛Where the narration is from

Intra-diegetic: inside the text.
In movie Akshay kumar was playing role of Protagonist whose name was Rustom and narrator narrated story from different perspectives ,one perspective was taken by protagonist of movie also. 

⇛Is the narrator a character in the story?

Homo-diegetic: the narrator is a character in the story.
As per above mentioned that Protagonist also narrated some part of story thus we can say that the term Homo-diegetic was used there.

5] Mood:
                                         {Genette said narrative mood is dependent on the 'distance' and 'perspective' of the narrator, and like music, narrative mood has predominant patterns. It is related to voice.Distance of the narrator changes with narrated speech, transposed speech and reported speech .}

                                         At some extent mood is related to voice and narration, means ,if narration's perspective was first person singular then Distance has to be so close but maybe Perspective will be prejudice.

                                                   In Rustom as we see that some narration has been done by protagonist itself thus we supposed that he was very closer at level of Distance but at last we can see that his Perspective was effected by his prejudices.

6] Focalization:
                                                    {Perspective of the narrator is called focalization. Narratives can be non-focalized, internally focalized or externally focalized.}

Thinking activity: Deconstruction

Thinking activity on Deconstruction, according to this task

   https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2015/03/deconstruction-and-derrida.html?m=1

Que.:1)What do you understand by 'Deconstruction'? 

Ans.:-

                                             If we define Deconstruction meaning so it is difficult to define exact meaning. Deconstruction is not destructive activity but an inquiry into the foundations so it is not negative term.When we try to find out different between Structuralim theory and deconstruction theory then we easily define Deconstruction concept. Structuralism theory through to understand structure of the literature and define root of meaning. While deconstruction simple means is to see one thing in different ways. Most of when we read something at that time we can understand simple meaning but when we criticize any work or to re read something at that time we can deconstruction other meaning it means deconstruction.
                                                This term is difficult to understand because Derrida himself refuse to define the term ‘Deconstruction’. According to my understanding it is a term of applying any theory on one subject but when we do these types so that at the end we can’t get appropriate meaning. It means that this term also related with modifying any subject with used proper method. So I think that it is term of find deep meaning.
Que.:2) Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point.
Ans.:-

                                                           For example Mahabharata epic when we read first time at that time we can show hero as Arjuna or Krishna but when deconstruct every character then we may be findout other character as hero like Karna and Krishna like villan so it means deconstruct epic and to define other means.
I try to apply deconstruction hero role in the 3 idiots movie

                                                             In this movie hero is Aamir Khan but if we can try to deconstruct his role then we thought that without learnt how can possible to come in first rank position in study. When we see this movie whole focus on student career but director could not able to show learning process.

Thinking activity on : Andy Golds worthy

Here given task to reflect on it working with time by Dilip Barad sir , So the link is given below:

https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2017/03/rivers-and-tides-documentary.html

                                                Today We show one documentary film at English department." River and Tides" is a film with Andy Goldsworthy and this films directed by Thomas Riedelsheimer This film also won the Golden Gate Award Grand prize for best documantry at 2003.

                                               Mostly We know that We all are connected with nature but Our mentality is that We will became master and controller of nature. Normally Human build up Museum for collection and protection of natural thing. So We never show  outside of natural things. But here Golsworthy good try to catch up  natural thing with time in his documantry. I have to say that This documantry has not only Good videography and combination of music but also he connected all thing with human being with philosophical views. It is a important thing for all human being.

                                                  In this documantry film I can find that he try to built larger 'egg'  through wood, stone and even ice. he makes used of colorful stone and leave sand smooth sticks also. but he try to make something at that time destroyed sculpture by the nature. So he said that We all are part of nature So same as this sculpture We all are to be destroyed one day. Best example related this philosophy is that 'Dinosaur'.  Another thing is that nature never remain static. In English literature We find that Wordsworth follow 'Back to nature'. Here I put one poem name for better understanding this ideas like ' Ozymandias'.  We can do nothing in front of nature.

• I get some philosophical thought:

1. Everything is movable and destroy able .
2. We do work with present time.
3. Always Show one thing with  difference perspective.  
4. Everything is  not permanent so working with time.
5.  Nature express human life like river,water, stone... 

• Some images of Sculpture art of Goldworthy:

                                          At the end of the this film we get more knowledge from different sculpture art and We get lot enjoyed. Here He tries to present common natural thing with attractive ways.

I hope you that you get enjoy to reading my blog...

Thank you...

Lord Byron

Lord byron from LaljiBaraiya1

Northrop Fry: The Archetypes of Literature...

 Thinking Activity on : 'The Archetypes of Literature (1951): Northrop Fry

                           Here given task by Dilip Barad sir , So the link is given below:

http://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2014/12/northrop-frye-archetypes-of-literature.html

Que.:-1)What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

Ans.:-

             According to Jung,

                                         In the literary criticism denotes the recurrent narrative designs, Pattern of action and emotion and also theme and images. We can saw in Literature that mostly used archetypes character by writer. In English literature included christian mythology, story of ghost, religion and ritual life. According to me that Archetypes character mostly focusing on the myth and rituals. Archetype is a common means that anything create bias on similar structure to established different way.  For ex., Sea & River,  Garden & Forest

                                            We can saw this type of common structure among different waving or non-waving way is called Archetypes. This type similarity also we find in poem, novel and shot story. Another example is that We can saw in films, hero fight for family,  for virtue and also his beloved, So we can find same plot structure in film and TV serial. So my point is that archetype criticism is that criticize and focusing on common archetype.

Que.:-2)What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

Ans.:-

                                             

                                        Northrop Fry gives archetypal criticism to connecting with cycle of nature. He also season connected with mood of human being. For Ex.,

A) Spring ( Comedy):-

                                  Here Fry connected  Spring with comedy because Spring and comedy both are symbols of something became new, birth, development, revival and resurrection and also symbolize dark to light, dry to greenness...etc.

B) Summer( Romance):-

                                                
                                        Here talked about season of England not Indian. So Summer season denotes romance because generally we can saw people marriage in summer time. Another things is that culminations to triumph both these term. All are symbolize romance through Summer season.

C) Autumn ( Tragedy):-

                                        Autumn season denotes tragedy and It is symbol of dying life. We can saw in autumn all leaves of tree fallen down and also tree became lifeless. Similarly hero fallen down and protagonist became tragic hero.

D) Winter ( Satire&Irony):-

                                        Winter is season of darkness. We can saw in winter season is very coldest and days are also shorter and night are longer. Satire reflects the darkness of literature, It is disillusioned and mocking from of literature.

                                        Fry also said that students of literature never learnt special subject of Physic but When they learnt about nature at that time by enlarge studying about Physic. When we asked to students of literature that What do you study? , Mostly they said that about age, Writer and Literature but they don't know that certainly they study about criticism of literature. We all are  also studying another subject through literature like as, Physic, Economic,Sociology,History...etc.

Que.:-3)Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Ans.:-
                                         When we study literature, We don't study only literature but also we connected with another subjects like as, History and Philosophy. Why we included this subject in literature ? because of  We develop historical sense and philosophical sense. When I think way of philosophical, So that my idea became progressive and logical and mind was sharpen through logical arguments. Historical sense has deep thought and pastness. Fry also talked that without thinking  to go on conclusion, It is not right way. We always look on the framework of history which the based on evidence.

Que.:-4)Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

Ans.:-
                                            Inductive method was mostly used by writer. In this method specifies a journey from specific to general. In the grave digging scene in Hamlet is a specifics scene. We made the general conclusion  like, grave digger scene is centrifugal which moves us away from center. Another thing is that We find lots of conversation between digger and Hamlet. So that the grave digger is significance of general, so they are not worried about death body.                                               

Que.:-5)Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

Ans.:-
                                         Deductive method also opposite to Inductive method.In this method also significance from general to specific. For example, There is support of music and art to literature, so some are keeps and moving with time like as, music and some art present in static way like as Drawing. There are music is upon rhythm and Painting is on the pattern, But we can't use particular manner in literature. When we read literature during that time we need both way rhythm and pattern. Another things is that we found rhythm in nature, but Fry  talked that If we didn't respect and care of nature then nature never give respect human being.

Que.:-6)Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.

Ans.:-
                                             

                                      India has gifted various seasonable grid by nature. In Our literature poet also write upon season and nature. So here I am going to present short stanza of the poem. In this following English  poem represented briefly about four season.

                                           Moreover I would like to share one Gujarati poem. This poem interpretation about Indian season of Monsoon. In this poem, Poet used archetype character like as, peacock, Cloud, Sky...etc. He also talked about waiting for season monsoon.

Thank you...

Pre-Task of Frankenstein...

This Pre task given by Dr. Heena ma'am before watching movie...

Que.:-1) When did you have a dream ?

Ans.:-
                             Psychologist Sigmund Freud talked about conscious and unconscious mind. but here I do not discuss about his theory of dream. Generally I can say that dream is reflection of uncompleted desire for anythings, place and man. Mostly I don't remember completely  each and every dream in our mind but normally We have some part of dream. Many Physiologist interpreted each dream and  they also connected with evidence.

                            I don't remember perfect time of my dream but probably last month I have one dream. Another things is that I saw one dream many time and also repeated same place and condition often in dream. but here I can't say about that dream.

Que.:-2) What did you see in your dream?

Ans.:-
                           Many time I feel that it was really ! When I wake up at that time I realized that It was illusion.  Here briefly, I will talk about one dream. Which type of dream do you like to read ? May be, fantasy ? Ok... I say some part of my dream. My dream started with the trouble... ' I wondering in the  forest alone with some curiosity but In the jungle I can't saw animal, birds even sound of any insects. I felt fear but I walking in jungle continuously. At the end of the forest I saw One white horse and deep valley and waterfall, I try to touch and sat on horse. This horse has power of saw future. Its also tell me that,' you passed this valley and get gifts..' then I crossed valley with difficulties than I met one fairy queen . She was beautiful and sensible, I think about married with her but she said don't think about herself and she added If you want to married with me so you would be  transfer yourself in our world and forget all past time....Then I agree with her. When I talked with her at that time one monster came and pick up herself ....then I arose early morning quickly but I can't found fairy queen...

Que.:-3) Based on your dream if you are asked to create something, What type of creation would be there?

Ans.:-
                 I do not create Fairy queen because If I create fairy queen, So I became father of her. but I want to like create another monster. I also made the monster have supernatural powerful rather than another monster. My another creation is that I create monster's wife. Then I can free fairy queen from monster's hands and married with her.

Que.:-4) The creation will be ugly or beautiful? If ugly,Why ? If beautiful, Why?

Ans.:-
                                    My creation also looking beautiful rather than another. I think that it is not important beauty or ugliness rather than attitude and behavior. I also believe in " Beauty comes from heart, not from skin. So I prefer to create heartily beautiful creation.  

Que.:-5) What are your interpretations for the word ' monster'?

Ans.:-
                                    According to my Opinion, 'Monster' word interpretations is like as, not bad looking man but cruelty person, to treat some one very badly, different kind of figure, a person who behave cruel and do evil acts. 

Que.:-6) Have you ever visited such kind of places which has some connections with horror and terror ?

Ans.:-
                                 I don't believe in ghost and monster but I also listen about that type story and places through parents and grandmother. In our village one place, there are live ghost but I passed near this place many time but I can't felt.